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Carbon

Carbon


car·bon  (k?rbn)
n.
1. Symbol C A naturally abundant nonmetallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds, exists freely as graphite and diamond and as a constituent of coal, limestone, and petroleum, and is capable of chemical self-bonding to form an enormous number of chemically, biologically, and commercially important molecules. Atomic number 6; atomic weight 12.011; sublimation point above 3,500°C; boiling point 4,827°C; specific gravity of amorphous carbon 1.8 to 2.1, of diamond 3.15 to 3.53, of graphite 1.9 to 2.3; valence 2, 3, 4. See Table at element.
2.
a. A sheet of carbon paper.
b. A carbon copy.
3. Electricity
a. Either of two rods through which current flows to form an arc, as in lighting or welding.
b. A carbonaceous electrode in an electric cell.
[French carbone, from Latin carb, carbn-, a coal, charcoal; see ker-3 in Indo-European roots.]
carbon·ous (-b-ns) adj.
carbon [ˈkɑːbən]
n
1. (Chemistry / Elements & Compounds)
a.  a nonmetallic element existing in the three crystalline forms: graphite, diamond, and buckminsterfullerene: occurring in carbon dioxide, coal, oil, and all organic compounds. The isotope carbon-12 has been adopted as the standard for atomic wt.; carbon-14, a radioisotope with a half-life of 5700 years, is used in radiocarbon dating and as a tracer. Symbol: C; atomic no.: 6; atomic wt.: 12.011; valency: 2, 3, or 4; relative density: 1.8-2.1 (amorphous), 1.9-2.3 (graphite), 3.15-3.53 (diamond); sublimes at 3367±25°C; boiling pt.: 4827°C.
b.  (as modifier) a carbon compound
2. (Communication Arts / Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) short for carbon paper, carbon copy
3. (Engineering / Electrical Engineering) a carbon electrode used in a carbon-arc light or in carbon-arc welding
4. (Engineering / Electrical Engineering) a rod or plate, made of carbon, used in some types of battery
[from French carbone, from Latin carbō charcoal, dead or glowing coal]
carbonous  adj
carbon  (k?rbn)
Symbol C
A naturally abundant, nonmetallic element that occurs in all organic compounds and can be found in all known forms of life. Diamonds and graphite are pure forms, and carbon is a major constituent of coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Carbon generally forms four covalent bonds with other atoms in larger molecules. Atomic number 6; atomic weight 12.011; sublimation point above 3,500°C; boiling point 4,827°C; specific gravity of amorphous carbon 1.8 to 2.1, of diamond 3.15 to 3.53, of graphite 1.9 to 2.3; valence 2, 3, 4. See Periodic Table.
carbonaceous adjective


carbon  /krbn/  n. [U] the chemical element found in coal, graphite, and diamonds: The black lead in pencils is made of soft carbon. Carbon
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